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Albumin
Rate: Rs. 100
:Sample
This test is done on the serum of patient.
Use freshly prepared serum or store at 4C which may be stable more than 72 hours.
Specimen with lipemia or hemolysis should be avoided.
Importance
This is the most abundant protein in the blood.It is needed to maintain the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels without which fluids will leak out.It is extremely sensitive to liver damage.
Hypoalbuminemia when the albumin level is low than the normal.
Hyeralbuminemia when the albumin level is higher than the normal level.
Significance
1.This protein is synthesized in the liver and reflects function of liver , kidney, or malnutrition.
2.Albumin binds bilirubin ,free fatty acids ,calcium, and a number of drugs.
3.Low albumin results in Edema.
4.Decreased synthesis in the liver is seen in acute or chronic liver diseases,Amyloidosis, malnutrion and malignancy.
5.Its role in transporting bilirubin, bile acids, metal ions, and drugs will be markedly affected by variation in concentration
6.Presence of albumin in the urine indicate kidney disease.
7.Dehydration leads to increase in albumin level (Hyperalbuminemia).
Normal
•level is = 3.4—5.5 g/dl (35—55 g/L).
•Male = 4.2—5.5 g /dl
•Female = 3.7 —5.3 g/dl
•Cerebrospinal fluids = 15 —45 mg/dl
•Urine = 15 —45 mg /24 hours
•Newborn = 2.8—4.8 g/dl
Serum level decreases in
1.Acute and chronic inflammations :like Rheumatoid arthritis,granulomatous process, most bacterial infections,vasculitis,ulcerative bowel disease, and certain parasitic infestation.
2.Due to decrease synthesis by liver: like acute and chronic liver diseases, Amyloidosis, Malignancies, Congestive heart disease, and constrictive pericarditis.
3.Increased loss via body fluids like Nephrotic syndrome,thermal burns, trauma and crush injuries, and transudation and exudation fromany hollow organs.
4.Increased catabolism: leads to decrease like fever, antimetabolites, thyrotoxicosis, and certain malignancies.
5.Increased blood volume (hypervolemia), leasds to decrease albumin like pregnancy, exogenous estrogen therapy, Myeloma and congestive heart failure.
6.Serum level decreases in pregnant ladies.
